What is Diabetes?

People with diabetes have difficulty changing food into energy. Your body converts food into a sugar called glucose, which is carried by your blood to cells in your body. The cells need a chemical called insulin to help them process the glucose into energy.

When a person has diabetes their body may not produce enough insulin or their cells may not be able to use the insulin to convert the glucose into energy. So, the glucose builds up in the blood, where the cells can’t use it.

"Type II" diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90-95 percent of all cases. Other types of diabetes include "Type I," which occurs in children and young adults, and "gestational diabetes," which can occur during pregnancy.

Risk Factors

You may be at risk of getting Type II diabetes if you:

• Are over age 45
• Have a family history of diabetes
• Are overweight
• Do not exercise regularly
• Have had gestational diabetes
• Have high blood pressure or high cholesterol
• Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander

Warning Signs

Diabetes symptoms may be mild or even nonexistent, but be sure to let your internist know if you experience:

• Extreme thirst and/or hunger
• Fatigue
• Frequent need to urinate
• Unusual weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
• Frequent infections
• Bruises that are slow to heal

Prevention and Treatment

You can lower your risk of getting Type II diabetes by making a few simple lifestyle changes. Eat a healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, fish, poultry and whole grains. Exercise regularly. Lose weight if you are overweight.

Diabetes has no cure, but can be managed. Diet control and exercise are important, and home monitoring of blood glucose may be required. Pills or insulin injections may also be prescribed to help lower the blood glucose level.